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Journal of Applied Physiology... Oct 2017Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) improves peripheral artery function in healthy adults, a phenomenon that reverses as continued training induces structural...
Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) improves peripheral artery function in healthy adults, a phenomenon that reverses as continued training induces structural remodeling. Sprint interval training (SIT) elicits physiological adaptations similar to MICT, despite a lower exercise volume and time commitment; however, its effect on peripheral artery function and structure is largely unexplored. We compared peripheral artery responses to 12 wk of MICT and SIT in sedentary, healthy men (age = 27 ± 8 yr). Participants performed MICT (45 min of cycling at 70% peak heart rate; = 10) or SIT (3 × 20-s "all out" cycling sprints with 2 min of recovery; = 9), and responses were compared with a nontraining control group (CTL, = 6). Allometrically scaled brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) increased 2.2% after 6 wk of MICT and returned to baseline levels by 12 wk, but did not change in SIT or CTL (group × time interaction, = 0.04). Brachial artery diameter increased after 6 and 12 wk (main effect, = 0.03), with the largest increases observed in MICT. Neither training protocol affected popliteal relative FMD and diameter, or central and lower limb arterial stiffness (carotid distensibility, central and leg pulse wave velocity) ( > 0.05 for all). Whereas earlier and more frequent measurements are needed to establish the potential presence and time course of arterial responses to low-volume SIT, our findings suggest that MICT was superior to the intense, but brief and intermittent SIT stimulus at inducing brachial artery responses in healthy men. We compared the effects of 12 wk of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and sprint interval training (SIT) on peripheral artery endothelial function and diameter, and central and lower limb stiffness in sedentary, healthy men. Whereas neither training program affected the popliteal artery or stiffness indexes, we observed changes in brachial artery function and diameter with MICT but not SIT. Brachial artery responses to SIT may follow a different time course or may not occur at all.
Topics: Adult; Brachial Artery; Endothelium; Exercise; Heart Rate; High-Intensity Interval Training; Humans; Male; Pulse Wave Analysis; Sedentary Behavior; Young Adult
PubMed: 28546466
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00058.2017 -
British Medical Journal Oct 1968
Topics: Arteriovenous Fistula; Brachial Artery; Erythema; Humans; Regional Blood Flow; Veins
PubMed: 5681059
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.4.5624.185-a -
Experimental Physiology Nov 2021What is the central question of this study? Are there sex differences in vascular function following induced inflammation when oestrogen is typically similar between...
NEW FINDINGS
What is the central question of this study? Are there sex differences in vascular function following induced inflammation when oestrogen is typically similar between sexes? What is the main finding and its importance? The present study suggests no sex differences in conduit artery vascular responses to acutely induced inflammation during the low-oestrogen phase of the menstrual cycle in premenopausal women. However, women exhibit lower microvascular function than men. Overall, the results underpin the role of oestrogen in previously observed sex differences and the importance of reporting the phase in the hormonal cycle when women are studied.
ABSTRACT
Sex differences in cardiovascular disease incidence in premenopausal women and age-matched men have been attributed to the cardioprotective influence of oestrogen. However, limited knowledge exists regarding sex differences following acute inflammation when oestrogen concentrations are lower in women. We evaluated sex differences in vascular responses to induced inflammation when oestrogen concentrations are typically lower in women (early follicular phase or placebo phase of hormonal contraception). In 15 women and 14 men, interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations and vascular function [via brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD)] were assessed at baseline (BL) and 24 (24H) and 48 hours (48H) after administration of influenza vaccine. After induction of inflammation, both sexes exhibited an increase in IL-6 concentrations at 24H [mean (SD) BL vs. 24H: women, 0.563 (0.50) vs. 1.141 (0.65) pg/ml; men, 0.385 (0.17) vs. 1.113 (0.69) pg/ml; P < 0.05] that returned to near-baseline concentrations by 48H (BL vs. 48H, P > 0.05). There were no sex differences in FMD, allometrically scaled FMD or IL-6 concentrations at any time point (P > 0.05). Notably, women exhibited significantly lower microvascular function than men at every time point [P < 0.05; reactive hyperaemic area under the curve (in arbitrary units): women, BL 35,512 (14,916), 24H 34,428 (14,292) and 48H 39,467 (13,936); men, BL 61,748 (27,324), 24H 75,028 (29,051) and 48H 59,532 (13,960)]. When oestrogen concentrations are typically lower in women, women exhibit a similar inflammatory response and conduit artery function, but lower microvascular response to reactive hyperaemia, in comparison to age-matched men.
Topics: Brachial Artery; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; Hyperemia; Inflammation; Male; Sex Characteristics; Vasodilation
PubMed: 34605100
DOI: 10.1113/EP089913 -
Environmental Research Jan 2015Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are produced by the burning and processing of fuel oils, and have been associated with oxidant stress, insulin resistance and...
BACKGROUND
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are produced by the burning and processing of fuel oils, and have been associated with oxidant stress, insulin resistance and hypertension in adults. Few studies have examined whether adolescents are susceptible to cardiovascular effects of PAHs.
OBJECTIVE
To study associations of PAH exposure with blood pressure (BP) and brachial artery distensibility (BAD), an early marker of arterial wall stiffness, in young boys attending three schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in varying proximity to an oil refinery.
METHODS
Air samples collected from the three schools were analyzed for PAHs. PAH metabolites (total hydroxyphenanthrenes and 1-hydroxypyrene) were measured in urine samples from 184 adolescent males, in whom anthropometrics, heart rate, pulse pressure, brachial artery distensibility and blood pressure were measured. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed to assess relationships of school location and urinary PAH metabolites with cardiovascular measures.
RESULTS
Total suspended matter was significantly higher (444 ± 143 μg/m(3)) at the school near the refinery compared to a school located near a ring road (395 ± 65 μg/m(3)) and a school located away from vehicle traffic (232 ± 137 μg/m(3)), as were PAHs. Systolic (0.47 S D units, p = 0.006) and diastolic (0.53 SD units, p < 0.001) BP Z-scores were highest at the school near the refinery, with a 4.36-fold increase in prehypertension (p = 0.001), controlling for confounders. No differences in pulse pressure, BAD and heart rate were noted in relationship to school location. Urinary total hydroxyphenanthrenes and 1-hydroxypyrene were not associated with cardiovascular outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Proximity to an oil refinery in Saudi Arabia is associated with prehypertension and increases in PAH and particulate matter exposures. Further study including insulin resistance measurements, better control for confounding, and longitudinal measurement is indicated.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Pressure; Brachial Artery; Chemical Industry; Child; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Petroleum; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
PubMed: 25460629
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.038 -
The Journal of International Medical... Jun 2021Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by neuorocutaneous lesions and multisystem involvement. Other notable features of NF1... (Review)
Review
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by neuorocutaneous lesions and multisystem involvement. Other notable features of NF1 include vasculopathy in the form of stenosis, occlusion, aneurysm, pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous deformity, and rupture, which are difficult to manage and can have fatal outcomes. We describe two cases of extensive and progressive brachial artery hemorrhage following blunt trauma in patients with NF1. Management of these patients included combined endovascular and surgical treatment based on the patients' condition. The patients had a poor prognosis because of uncontrolled bleeding. While one patient died, the other survived, but the involved arm was amputated. Endovascular treatment is a widely used, popular, minimally invasive, and safe method to control the bleeding associated with NF1. However, this treatment can be challenging at times. Close collaboration between an interventional radiologist and surgeon is necessary for optimal treatment and careful follow-up for this condition.
Topics: Aneurysm; Brachial Artery; Hemorrhage; Humans; Neurofibromatosis 1
PubMed: 34190616
DOI: 10.1177/03000605211025344 -
European Journal of Sport Science 2015Rock climbers perform repeated isometric forearm muscle contractions subjecting the vasculature to repeated ischaemia and distorted haemodynamic signals. This study...
Rock climbers perform repeated isometric forearm muscle contractions subjecting the vasculature to repeated ischaemia and distorted haemodynamic signals. This study investigated forearm vascular characteristics in rock climbers compared to healthy untrained controls. Eight climbers (CLIMB) (BMI; 22.3, s = 2.0 kg/m(2), isometric handgrip strength; 46, s = 8 kg) were compared against eight untrained controls (CON) (BMI; 23.8, s = 2.6 kg/m(2), isometric handgrip strength; 37, s = 9 kg). Brachial artery diameter and blood flow were measured, using Doppler ultrasound, at rest and following 5-mins ischaemia (peak diameter) and ischaemic exercise (maximal dilation) to calculate flow mediated dilation (FMD) and dilatory capacity (DC). Capillary filtration capacity was assessed using venous occlusion plethysmography. Resting (4.30, s = 0.26 vs. 3.79, s = 0.39 mm), peak (4.67, s = 0.31 vs. 4.12, s = 0.45 mm) and maximal (5.14, s = 0.42 vs. 4.35, s = 0.47 mm) diameters were greater (P < 0.05) in CLIMB than CON, respectively, despite no difference in FMD (9.2, s = 2.6 vs. 8.7, s = 2.9%). Peak reactive hyperaemic blood flow (1136, s = 504 vs. 651, s = 221 ml/min) and capillary filtration capacity (3.8, s = 0.9 vs. 5.2, s = 0.7 ml.min(-1).mmHg(-1).100 ml tissue(-1) × 10(-3)) were greater (P < 0.05) in CLIMB compared to CON, respectively. Rock climbers exhibit structural vascular adaptation compared to untrained control participants but have similar vascular function. This may contribute to the enhanced ability of climbers to perform repeated isometric contractions.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Brachial Artery; Capillaries; Forearm; Hand Strength; Humans; Ischemia; Isometric Contraction; Male; Mountaineering; Muscle, Skeletal; Plethysmography; Regional Blood Flow; Ultrasonography; Vascular Remodeling; Young Adult
PubMed: 25068834
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2014.940560 -
Minerva Anestesiologica Sep 2020A nerve block causes various hemodynamic changes in the vessel system. The primary objective of the present study is to examine the volume flow values in the brachial...
BACKGROUND
A nerve block causes various hemodynamic changes in the vessel system. The primary objective of the present study is to examine the volume flow values in the brachial artery in the early and late period following an infraclavicular brachial plexus block. The secondary objective is to evaluate arterial diameter, forearm temperature and other Doppler ultrasound measurements in the late period.
METHODS
An infraclavicular brachial plexus block was performed in ASA class I-II patients aged 18-65 years who were to undergo upper extremity surgery. Hemodynamic measurements and the measurement of the Doppler ultrasound parameters at five minutes before and five, 15, 30 minutes, 24, 48 hours after the block.
RESULTS
Volume flow was increased at the 30 min after nerve block. A 47.17% decrease in the collected volume flow data was noted between the 30 min and 24 hour, and this change was found to be statistically significant. It is also worth highlighting the decrease in volume flow at 24 hours and 48 hours, which became closer to the volume flow value at time 0, but was still relatively higher than the value at time 0.
CONCLUSIONS
The increase in volume flow following a change in the flow morphology after an infraclavicular nerve block persists for at least 24 hours. This may be the explanation for clinical advantage in all types of surgery and in particular after fractures, graft and reimplantation surgery.
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Brachial Artery; Brachial Plexus; Brachial Plexus Block; Hemodynamics; Humans; Ultrasonography, Interventional; Upper Extremity
PubMed: 32613812
DOI: 10.23736/S0375-9393.20.14309-8 -
Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021We have obtained prospective clinical outcomes using the brachial artery largely, such as Korotkoff sound and vasomotor function measurement by ultrasound guidance to...
BACKGROUND
We have obtained prospective clinical outcomes using the brachial artery largely, such as Korotkoff sound and vasomotor function measurement by ultrasound guidance to predict the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Very few reports on the quantitative measurement of the relationship between the brachial artery blood flow and cardiac output have been reported.
PURPOSE
(1) To investigate whether the quantitative relationship between the brachial artery blood flow and cardiac output existed. (2) To provide a theoretical basis for taking advantage of artificial intelligence (AI) using Korotkoff sound analogously as far as possible to predict the cardiac output.
METHODS
A total of 586 patients who underwent cardiac color ultrasound in our center from 2021.3 to 2021.7 were included for analyses. The vascular parameters of the right upper limb brachial artery (such as the Diameter, Area, Blood Velocity, and Flow) were measured immediately after the cardiac color ultrasound, and some basic clinical parameters (Age, Sex, BMI, and Disease) were recorded subsequently. Ultimately, the Mann-Whitney and independent sample -test were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
(1) The mean Rate of the brachial arterial blood flow to cardiac output was 1.23%, and the mean 95% CI was (1.18%, 1.29%), indicating that the value was mainly concentrated in the current value interval. The indicator demonstrates that there is no significant difference currently among the patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and cardiac dysfunction. (2) The brachial artery wall diameter (Dist) is significantly thicker in patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension compared to patients with other cardiovascular diseases. (3) Cardiac output augments remarkably in patients with hypertension.
CONCLUSION
Our study suggests that the Rate (brachial artery blood flow/cardiac output) is a constant of 1.23% approximately. It provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent application of the artificial intelligence (AI) method to predict heart function using Korotkoff sound, cope with large computational amounts, and improve computational speed. It is also indirectly proved that hypertension can lead to a change in peripheral vascular hyperplasia and increase cardiac output.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Blood Flow Velocity; Brachial Artery; Cardiac Output; Hemodynamics; Humans; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 34976321
DOI: 10.1155/2021/1251199 -
Cardiovascular Ultrasound Dec 2014It is unknown if there are limb differences in vascular function during prolonged sitting. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
INTRODUCTION
It is unknown if there are limb differences in vascular function during prolonged sitting.
PURPOSE
This study was designed to test whether the effects of prolonged sitting on brachial artery (BA) and the superficial femoral artery (SFA) are similar.
METHODS
Twelve men (24.2 ± 4 yrs.) participated in a 3 hr prolonged sitting trial (SIT). SFA and BA flow mediated dilation (FMD) and respective flow patterns were measured at baseline, 1 hr, 2 hr and 3 hr.
RESULTS
By a one-way ANOVA there was a significant decline in SFA FMD during 3 hrs of SIT (p < 0.001). Simultaneously, there was a significant decline in antegrade (p = 0.04) and mean (0.037) shear rates. By a one way ANOVA there were no significant differences in BA FMD during 3 hrs of sitting. There were no changes in the shear rates in the BA except for a significant decrease in antegrade shear rate (p = 0.029) and a significant increase in oscillatory shear index (p = 0.034) during 3 hrs of sitting. Furthermore, there was no correlation between BA and SFA FMD measurements.
CONCLUSION
Three hours of sitting resulted in impaired SFA FMD but not BA FMD. Although 3 hours of sitting did not impair BA FMD, it impaired shear patterns in the BA.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Brachial Artery; Elastic Modulus; Femoral Artery; Humans; Male; Posture; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Shear Strength; Ultrasonography; Vascular Resistance; Vascular Stiffness; Young Adult
PubMed: 25512175
DOI: 10.1186/1476-7120-12-50 -
Journal of the American College of... Jun 2005We aimed to determine the relationship between carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in healthy middle-age men.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to determine the relationship between carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in healthy middle-age men.
BACKGROUND
Carotid IMT and brachial artery FMD are frequently used as surrogate measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. Whereas carotid IMT identifies early structural abnormalities, brachial artery FMD, considered a bioassay of endothelial function, measures functional vascular integrity. The relationship between carotid IMT and brachial artery FMD has not been well studied.
METHODS
We measured traditional risk factors, carotid IMT, and brachial artery FMD in 1,578 middle-aged men without known cardiovascular disease and analyzed the relationship between carotid IMT and brachial FMD.
RESULTS
Carotid IMT correlated with age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, fasting glucose, total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and with the overall Framingham risk score (p < 0.001 for all), whereas impaired brachial artery FMD correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.01). No relationship was observed between carotid IMT and brachial artery FMD for the entire cohort (r = -0.006, p = 0.82) and in subgroups defined by traditional risk factors or by quintiles of carotid IMT and brachial FMD.
CONCLUSIONS
In middle-aged healthy men, there is no significant correlation between carotid IMT and brachial artery FMD. This finding suggests that these are unique, independent surrogates that measure different aspects and stages of early atherosclerosis. Further studies are needed to define their role in clinical research and in cardiovascular risk assessment.
Topics: Adult; Brachial Artery; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Arteries; Cohort Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Reference Values; Regional Blood Flow; Risk Factors; Tunica Intima; Tunica Media; Ultrasonography; Vasodilation
PubMed: 15963396
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.12.079